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Tipi rings are circular patterns of stones left from an encampment of Post-Archaic, protohistoric and historic Native Americans.〔Cassells, Steve. (1997). ''The Archaeology of Colorado.'' Boulder: Johnson Books. pp. 224-227. ISBN 1-55566-193-9.〕 They are found primarily throughout the Plains of the United States and Canada, and also in the foothills and parks of the Rocky Mountains. Clusters of stones circles are often found in favorable camp-sites, near water, fuel and good hunting grounds. In many cases the clusters are organized in patterns, such as rows, circles or v-shapes. The stones were used to hold down the tipis to keep the lodge warm and dry. In some cases elaborate walls or defensive structures were built. ==Tipi ring practices== They are generally found in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, but are also found in the foothills and mountains, near good areas for hunting, supplies of water and fuel, and main routes of travel. The rings are often in diameter and often occur in groupings. The rings of stone held down the edges of animal skin hides of the cone-shaped tipis, to keep them snug against the ground. The general pattern of a tipi (also "tepee") ring is an east-facing entrance, where there are no stones, and a heavily anchored side with extra stones for protection against prevailing winds, often on the northwestern side of the ring. Hearths found in the center of tipi rings suggest a winter encampment. In the summer, food was cooked in open-air hearths. There are generally few artifacts found at these sites.〔〔Malouf, Carling. (January 3, 1961). ("The Tipi Rings of the High Plains." ) JSTOR. ''American Antiquity.'' 26 Retrieved December 9, 2011.〕 Stone circles, of which tipi rings are an example, may be simply assembled rocks placed in single or multiple courses. More elaborate circles have been constructed in walls of stone or with horizontal logs and stone, possibly for a fort or corral.〔 Other stone circlessome more than across – may be the remains of special ceremonial dance structures. A few cobble arrangements form the outlines of human figures, most of them obviously male. Perhaps the most intriguing cobble constructions, however, are the ones known as medicine wheels. Tipi rings are nearly all of the types of stone circles, except those that are medicine wheels or of very small diameter.〔〔(''What is a Medicine Wheel?'' ) Royal Alberta Museum, Government of Alberta. Retrieved December 8, 2011.〕 Stones were replaced by wooden pegs to hold down the tents after the introduction of axes by people of European ancestry. In the Crow language the word for prehistory literally means "when we used stones to weigh down our lodges."〔(''Documenting Tipi Rings along the Bad Pass Trail, Bighorn Canyon NRA.'' ) Archaeology Program, National Park Service, Department of the Interior. Last updated February 18, 2009. Retrieved December 9, 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tipi ring」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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